Symptoms

• Acute bacterial prostatitis: It is caused by common strains of bacteria, this type of prostatitis generally starts suddenly and causes flu-like signs and symptoms, such as fever, chills, nausea and vomiting.
• Chronic bacterial prostatitis: When antibiotics don't eliminate the bacteria causing prostatitis, you can develop recurring or difficult-to-treat infections. Between bouts of chronic bacterial prostatitis, you might have no symptoms or only minor ones.
• Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: This type of prostatitis — the most common — isn't caused by bacteria. Often an exact cause can't be identified. For some men, symptoms stay about the same over time. For others, the symptoms go through cycles of being more and less severe.

Why kidney stones can be a problem?

• Sometimes stones pass from the kidney into the ureters and don’t always abide in the kidney. Ureters are tiny and sensitive, and the stones may be too large to go smoothly down the ureter to the bladder.
• Passage of stones down the ureter can lead to spasms and irritation of the ureters. This results in blood to appear in the urine.
• Sometimes the flow of urine is blocked by these stones. This is called a urinary obstruction. Urinary obstructions can result in kidney infection and kidney damage.

Symptoms

• A strong, persistent urge to urinate
• A burning sensation when urinating
• Passing frequent, small amounts of urine
• Urine that appears cloudy

Causes:

• The most common UTIs occur mainly in women and affect the bladder and urethra.
• Infection of the bladder (cystitis). This type of UTI is usually caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli), a type of bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, sometimes other bacteria are responsible.
• Sexual intercourse may lead to cystitis, but you don't have to be sexually active to develop it. All women are at risk of cystitis because of their anatomy — specifically, the short distance from the urethra to the anus and the urethral opening to the bladder.

Kidney infection (pyelonephritis) is a type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that generally begins in your urethra or bladder and travels to one or both of your kidneys..

Symptoms:

• Fever
• Chills
• Back, side (flank) or groin pain
• Abdominal pain
• Frequent urination
• Strong, persistent urge to urinate
• Burning sensation or pain when urinating
• Nausea and vomiting
• us or blood in your urine (hematuria)
• Urine that smells bad or is cloudy

Types of dialysis

• Hemodialysis: Hemodialysis is the most common type of dialysis. This process uses an artificial kidney (hemodialyzer) to remove waste and extra fluid from the blood. The blood is removed from the body and filtered through the artificial kidney. The filtered blood is then returned to the body with the help of a dialysis machine.
• Peritoneal dialysis: Peritoneal dialysis involves surgery to implant a peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter into your abdomen. The catheter helps filter your blood through the peritoneum, a membrane in your abdomen. During treatment, a special fluid called dialysate flows into the peritoneum.

Symptoms

• A kidney stone usually will not cause symptoms until it moves around within your kidney or passes into your ureters — the tubes connecting the kidneys and the bladder. If it becomes lodged in the ureters, it may block the flow of urine and cause the kidney to swell and the ureter to spasm, which can be very painful. At that point, you may experience these signs and symptoms:
• 1. Severe, sharp pain in the side and back, below the ribs
• 2. Pain that radiates to the lower abdomen
• 3. Pain that comes in waves and fluctuates in intensity
• 4. Pain or burning sensation while urinating

Diagnosis:

• Laparoscopy is often used to identify and diagnose the source of pelvic or abdominal pain. It’s usually performed when noninvasive methods are unable to help with diagnosis.
• Ultrasound, which uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the body CT scan, which is a series of special X-rays that take cross-sectional images of the body MRI scan, which uses magnets and radio waves to produce images of the body
• Treatment: You should tell your doctor about any prescription or over-the-counter medications you’re taking. Your doctor will tell you how they should be used before and after the procedure.
• Results of laparoscopy: If a biopsy was taken, a pathologist will examine it. A pathologist is a doctor who specializes in tissue analysis. A report detailing the results will be sent to your doctor.

Symptoms:

• Blood in the urine
• Painful or burning sensation during urination and needing to urinate frequently
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue and a pain in the side that does not subside
• Kidney cancer may also result in symptoms of fever, unexplained weight loss
• Kidney Cancer: It is a type of cancer that starts in the cells in the kidney. The two most common types of kidney cancer are Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) and Urothelial Cell Carcinoma (UCC) of the renal pelvis.
• Bladder Cancer: This includes any of the several types of malignancy arising from the epithelial lining (i.e. the urothelium) of the urinary bladder. Rarely the bladder is involved by non-epithelial cancers, such as lymphoma or sarcoma, but these are not ordinarily included in the colloquial term 'bladder cancer'.

The cause of prostate problems may be:

• prostatitis BPH : Your doctor may not always know the exact cause of your prostate problem.
• Prostatitis: The cause of prostatitis depends on whether you have chronic prostatitis or bacterial prostatitis.
• Chronic prostatitis: Doctors do not know the exact cause of chronic prostatitis. Researchers think that an infection of tiny organisms, though not bacteria, can cause chronic prostatitis. Other causes may include chemicals in your urine, your body’s response to a previous urinary tract infection (UTI), or nerve damage in your pelvic area. Most of the time doctors don’t find any infection in men with chronic prostatitis.
• Bacterial prostatitis: Bacteria, tiny organisms that can lead to infection, cause some kinds of prostatitis.

When your kidneys are damaged, they may not work as well as they should. If the damage to your kidneys continues to get worse and your kidneys are less and less able to do their job, you have chronic kidney disease.

Symptoms:

• Itching
• Muscle cramps
• Nausea and vomiting
• Not feeling hungry
• Swelling in your feet and ankles
• Too much urine (pee) or not enough urine
• Trouble catching your breath
• Trouble sleeping

Symptoms:

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Undescended testicle (cryptorchidism)
• Hypospadias
• Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)
• Phimosis (tight foreskin)
• Bedwetting (nocturnal enuresis)
• Genital abnormalities

Symptoms:

• Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): UTIs are bacterial infections that can affect any part of the urinary tract. Women are more prone to UTIs due to their shorter urethra, which allows bacteria easier access to the bladder.
• Urinary Incontinence: This condition involves involuntary leakage of urine, which can occur during activities such as coughing, sneezing, laughing, or exercising (stress incontinence), or with a sudden, strong urge to urinate (urge incontinence).
• Overactive Bladder (OAB): OAB is characterized by a sudden and uncontrollable urge to urinate, often accompanied by frequency (urinating more than eight times a day) and nocturia (waking up to urinate at night).
• Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP): POP occurs when the pelvic organs (bladder, uterus, or rectum) descend into the vaginal space due to weakened pelvic floor muscles and ligaments.
• Urinary Retention: Urinary retention is the inability to empty the bladder completely. It can be acute or chronic and may result from various factors such as blockage of the urinary tract, nerve damage, or weak bladder muscles.

Kidney Transplantation is the best method for facing kidney problems. By which,patient can be cured from dialysis and he can lead a happy life. By live kidney donor,laparoscopic donor and Nephrectomy can cause less pain and cured in a days and then, they can go back to work to lead a life.The transplantation of organs of brain dead patients in accident leads to provide a better life to the patients,who are searching for the organs and this can be done by the Cadavar kidney donation.

Symptoms:

• Difficulty Conceiving: Inability to achieve pregnancy with a fertile female partner after regular, unprotected sexual intercourse for an extended period (typically 12 months or longer).
• Changes in Sexual Function: Some men may experience changes in sexual function, such as erectile dysfunction, difficulty ejaculating, or premature ejaculation, which can affect fertility.
• Changes in Libido: Some men with hormonal imbalances or underlying medical conditions may experience changes in libido or sexual desire, which can impact fertility.
• Visible Signs of Hormonal Imbalance: In some cases, hormonal imbalances associated with male infertility may manifest as physical changes, such as decreased facial or body hair, enlarged breast tissue .
• Testicular Abnormalities: Congenital conditions, injuries, or infections affecting the testicles may lead to abnormalities in size, shape, or consistency of the testicles, which can affect sperm production and fertility.